Kemgbe Disemba afọ 2019, COVID-19 nke ajọ ọrịa iku ume iku ume (SARS) kpatara agbasala gburugburu ụwa.Nje virus na-ebute COVID-19 bụ SARS-COV-2, nje nwere otu eriri gbakwunyere nje RNA nke ezinụlọ coronaviruses.β coronaviruses bụ okirikiri ma ọ bụ oval n'ụdị, dayameta 60-120 nm, na-abụkarị pleomorphic.N'ihi na envelopu nke nje nwere ọdịdị convex nke nwere ike ịgbatị n'akụkụ niile ma yie corolla, a na-akpọ ya coronavirus.O nwere capsule, na S (protein spike), M (protein Membrane), M (protein matrix) na E (protein envelopu) na-ekesa na capsule.Envelopu nwere njikọ RNA na protein N (Nucleocapsid).Protein nke SSARS-COV-2nwere ngalaba S1 na S2.Ngalaba nnabata na-ekekọta (RBD) nke subunit S1 na-ebute ọrịa SARS-COV-2 site na ijikọ na angiotensin na-agbanwe enzyme 2 (ACE2) n'elu cell.
Enwere ike ibunye Sars-cov-2 site na mmadụ gaa na onye ma na-ebufe ya karịa sarS-COV, nke pụtara na 2003. Ọ na-ebutekarị ya site na nsị iku ume na nso nso mmadụ, enwere ike ibunye ya site na aerosol ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị na gburugburu ebe obibi. na ezigbo ikuku ruo ogologo oge.Ndị mmadụ na-enwekarị ike ibute ọrịa, na oge nnabata bụ ụbọchị 1 ruo 14, ọkachasị ụbọchị 3 ruo 3.Mgbe ọrịa coronavirus ọhụrụ gasịrị, ikpe dị nro nke COVID-19 ga-enwe mgbaàmà nke kachasị nke ahụ ọkụ na ụkwara akọrọ.COVID-19 na-efe efe nke ukwuu ma na-efe efe nke ukwuu n'oge asymptomatic nke ọrịa.Ọrịa Sars-cov-2 nwere ike ibute ahụ ọkụ, ụkwara akọrọ, ike ọgwụgwụ na mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ.Ndị ọrịa siri ike na-enwekarị dyspnea na / ma ọ bụ hypoxemia 1 izu mgbe mmalite, na ndị ọrịa siri ike nwere ike ibute nnukwu nsogbu iku ume, coagulopathy na ọtụtụ akụkụ ahụ.
N'ihi na sarS-COV-2 na-efe efe nke ukwuu ma na-egbu egbu, ngwa ngwa, nke ziri ezi na ụzọ dị mma maka nchọpụta SARS-COV-2 na ikewapụ ndị butere ọrịa (gụnyere ndị butere ọrịa asymptomatic) bụ isi ihe na-achọpụta isi iyi nke ọrịa, na-egbochi ya. usoro nnyefe nke ọrịa na igbochi na ịchịkwa ọrịa na-efe efe.
POCT, nke a makwaara dị ka teknụzụ nchọpụta n'akụkụ akwa ma ọ bụ teknụzụ nchọpụta oge, bụ ụdị usoro nchọpụta nke a na-eme na saịtị nlele ma nwee ike nweta nsonaazụ nchọpụta ngwa ngwa site na iji ngwa nyocha ngwa ngwa.N'ihe gbasara nchọpụta pathogen, POCT nwere uru nke ngwa ngwa nchọpụta ngwa ngwa na enweghị mmachi saịtị ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụzọ nchọpụta ọdịnala.POCT nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị mee ka nchọpụta COVID-19 dị ngwa, kamakwa zere kọntaktị dị n'etiti ndị ọrụ nchọpụta na ndị ọrịa ma belata ihe ize ndụ nke ibute ọrịa.Ugbu a,Nnwale COVID-19Saịtị dị na China bụ ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ nnwale ndị ọzọ, yana ndị ọrụ nnwale kwesịrị ị were nlele ozugbo n'ihu ndị mmadụ ga-anwale.N'agbanyeghị usoro nchebe, nlele ozugbo site na onye ọrịa na-abawanye ohere nke ibute ọrịa maka onye na-anwale ya.Ya mere, ụlọ ọrụ anyị mepụtara ngwa ngwa maka ndị mmadụ ka ha nyochaa n'ụlọ, nke nwere uru nke nchọpụta ngwa ngwa, ọrụ dị mfe, na nchọpụta n'ụlọ, ọdụ na ebe ndị ọzọ na-enweghị ọnọdụ nchebe biosafety.
Teknụzụ bụ isi eji eme ihe bụ teknụzụ immunochromatography, nke a makwaara dị ka Lateral Flow assay (LFA), nke bụ usoro nchọpụta ngwa ngwa nke omume capillary na-akwalite.Dị ka teknụzụ nchọpụta ngwa ngwa tozuru oke, ọ nwere ọrụ dị mfe, obere oge mmeghachi omume yana nsonaazụ kwụsiri ike.Onye nnochite anya nke bu colloidal gold immunochromatography paper (GLFA), nke n'ozuzu gunyere sample pad, bond pad, nitrocellulose (NC) film na water absorption pad, etc. The bond pad na ofu with antibody modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), na NC. A na-edozi ihe nkiri ahụ na mgbochi njide.Mgbe agbakwunyere ihe nlele ahụ na pad sample, ọ na-agafe na pad bonding na ihe nkiri NC na-aga nke ọma n'okpuru ọrụ nke capillary, ma mesịa rute pad na-amị amị.Mgbe ihe nlele ahụ na-agafe na mpe mpe akwa, ihe a ga-atụ na nlele ahụ ga-ejikọta ya na mgbochi akara ọla edo;Mgbe ihe nlele ahụ gafere na akpụkpọ ahụ NC, e weghaara ihe nlele a ga-anwale wee dozie ya site na mgbochi ahụ ejidere, eriri uhie pụtara na akpụkpọ ahụ NC n'ihi nchịkọta ọla edo nanoparticles.Enwere ike nweta nchọpụta ngwa ngwa nke SARS-COV-2 site na ilele eriri uhie na mpaghara nchọpụta.Ngwa nke usoro a dị mfe iji zụọ ahịa na ịhazi ya, dị mfe iji rụọ ọrụ na ngwa ngwa ịzaghachi.Ọ dabara maka nyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ịchọpụta coronavirus ọhụrụ.
Ọrịa coronavirus ọhụrụbụ ihe ịma aka siri ike na-eche ụwa ihu.Nchọpụta ngwa ngwa na ọgwụgwọ n'oge bụ isi ihe na-emeri n'ọgụ ahụ.N'ihu nnukwu ọrịa na-efe efe na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị butere ọrịa, ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ịmepụta ngwa ngwa nchọpụta ziri ezi na ngwa ngwa.A maara na n'ime ihe atụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe, mmiri mmiri alveolar na-enwe oke dị mma n'etiti pharyngeal swabs, saliva, sputum na alveolar lavage fluid.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ule a na-ahụkarị bụ ịnara ihe nlele sitere n'aka ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha nwere akpịrị akpịrị site na pharynx dị elu, ọ bụghị akụkụ akụkụ iku ume nke ala, ebe nje nwere ike ịbanye ngwa ngwa.A pụkwara ịchọpụta nje a n'ọbara, mmamịrị, na nsị, ma ọ bụghị ebe bụ isi a na-ebute ọrịa, ya mere nje virus dị ntakịrị, a pụghịkwa iji ya mee ihe ndabere maka nchọpụta.Na mgbakwunye, dị ka RNA na-esighi ike ma dị mfe iweda ya, ọgwụgwọ ezi uche dị na ya na mmịpụta ihe nlele mgbe anakọtara bụkwa ihe.
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Oge nzipu: Mee-20-2022