Dị ka National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP), American Diabetes Association (ADA), na CDC si kwuo, mkpa ọ dị ịghọta ọkwa lipid na glucose dị mkpa n'ibelata ụgwọ nlekọta ahụike na ọnwụ site na ọnọdụ mgbochi.[1-3].
A na-akọwa dyslipidemia dị ka mmụba nke plasmacholesterol ma ọ bụ triglycerides (TG), ma ọ bụ abụọ, ma ọ bụ dị alalipoprotein dị elu (HDL)ọkwa nke na-enye aka na mmepe nke atherosclerosis.Ihe ndị bụ isi na-akpata dyslipidemia nwere ike ịgụnye mmụgharị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-ebute oke mmepụta nke TG ma ọ bụ enweghị ntụpọ.lipoprotein dị obere (LDL)cholesterol ma ọ bụ na-emepụtaghị ihe ma ọ bụ mkpochapụ nke HDL gabigara ókè.Ihe na-akpata dyslipidemia nke abụọ gụnyere ibi ndụ ịnọkarị otu ebe na oke oriri nke abụba juru eju na cholesterol.[4]
Cholesterol bụ egbugbere ọnụ a na-ahụ n'anụ ahụ niile, ọbara, bile, na abụba anụmanụ nke dị mkpa maka nhazi na arụ ọrụ sel, njikọ homonụ, na mmepụta vitamin na-agbaze abụba.Cholesterol na-agafe n'ọbara na lipoproteins.5 LDL na-ebuga cholesterol na mkpụrụ ndụ, ebe a na-eji ya na akpụkpọ ahụ ma ọ bụ maka njikọ nke homonụ steroid.6 Ọkwa LDL dị elu na-eduga n'ịkwalite cholesterol n'ime akwara.N'aka nke ọzọ, HDL na-achịkọta oke cholesterol na sel wee weghachite ya na imeju.Cholesterol dị elu n'ime ọbara nwere ike ijikọta ya na ihe ndị ọzọ, na-eme ka e guzobe mbadamba nkume.TG bụ esters sitere na glycerol na acid fatty acids na-echekwakarị na sel abụba.Hormones na-ahapụ TG maka ume n'etiti nri.TG nwere ike ibuli ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa obi ma na-ewere ya dị ka ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa metabolic;ya mere, nyochaa lipid dị mkpa n'ihi na dyslipidemia na-achịkwaghị achịkwa nwere ike ibute mmepe nke ọrịa obi.
A na-achọpụta dyslipidemia site na iji serumule profaịlụ lipid.1Nnwale a na-atụle mkpokọta cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TG, na kọlestrọl LDL gbakọọ.
Ọrịa shuga mellitus
Ọrịa shuga mellitus bụ ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nke a na-eji arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ nke insulin na glucagon.A na-ezobe glucagon n'ihi nzaghachi nke mkpokọta glucose dị ala, na-ebute glycogenolysis.A na-ezobe insulin na nzaghachi nri nri, na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ na-ebuga glucose n'ọbara wee gbanwee ya na glycogen maka nchekwa.[8].Arụghị ọrụ na glucagon ma ọ bụ insulin nwere ike ibute hyperglycemia.Ọrịa shuga nwere ike mechaa mebie anya, akụrụ, irighiri akwara, obi, na arịa ọbara.Enwere ọtụtụ ule eji achọpụta ọrịa shuga mellitus.Ụfọdụ n'ime ule ndị a gụnyere glucose ọbara na-enweghị usoro na ule glucose plasma na-ebu ọnụ.[9]
Epidemiology
Dị ka CDC si kwuo, 71 nde ndị okenye America (33.5%) nwere dyslipidemia.Naanị otu onye n'ime mmadụ atọ nwere cholesterol dị elu ka a na-achịkwa ọnọdụ ahụ.Nkezi mkpokọta cholesterol nke ndị okenye America bụ 200 mg/dL.11 CDC na-eme atụmatụ na nde ndị America 29.1 (9.3%) nwere ọrịa shuga, yana nde 21 chọpụtara na nde 8.1 (27.8%) achọpụtaghị ya.[2]
Hyperlipidemiabụ “ọrịa akụ̀ na ụba” na-enwekarị n’obodo taa.N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, ọ tolitere ghọọ nnukwu ọnọdụ zuru ụwa ọnụ.Dị ka WHO si kwuo, Kemgbe narị afọ nke 21, ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 2.6 anwụọla n'ihi ọrịa obi na akwara ozi (dị ka nnukwu ọrịa myocardial infarction na ọrịa strok) nke hyperlipidemia na-adịte aka na-akpata kwa afọ.Ọnụnọ nke hyperlipidemia na ndị okenye Europe bụ 54%, na ihe dị ka nde 130 ndị okenye Europe nwere hyperlipidemia.Mmetụta hyperlipidemia na United States dịkwa njọ mana ọ dị ntakịrị karịa na Europe.Nsonaazụ gosiri na pasent 50 nke ụmụ nwoke na pasent 48 nke ụmụ nwanyị nọ na United States nwere hyperlipidemia.Ndị ọrịa hyperlipidemia na-enwekarị ike ịnweta apoplexy cerebral;Ma ọ bụrụ na egbochie arịa ọbara dị n'anya nke ahụ mmadụ, ọ ga-eduga n'ọhụụ mbelata, ma ọ bụ ọbụna kpuo ìsì;Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-eme n'ime akụrụ, ọ ga-eme ka ọkpụkpụ akwara arteriosclerosis, na-emetụta ọrụ akụrụ nkịtị nke onye ọrịa, na ọdịda nke ọdịda akụrụ.Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-eme na nsọtụ ala, necrosis na ọnya nwere ike ime.Na mgbakwunye, lipids ọbara dị elu nwekwara ike ịkpata nsogbu dị ka ọbara mgbali elu, ọrịa gallstones, pancreatitis na mgbaka agadi.
Ntụaka
1. Akụkọ nke atọ nke National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP) Ọkachamara Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and The Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) ikpeazụ akụkọ.Mgbasa.2002;106:3143-3421 .
2. CDC.2014 National Diabetes Statistics Akụkọ.Ọktoba 14, 2014. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/2014statisticsreport.html.Enwetara na Julaị 20, 2014.
3. CDC, Nkewa maka Ọrịa Obi na Mgbochi Ọrịa strok.Cholesterol akụkọ ihe mere eme.www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_cholesterol.htm.Enwetara na Julaị 20, 2014.
4. Goldberg A. Dyslipidemia.Ụdị ọkachamara Merck akwụkwọ ntuziaka.www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine_and_metabolic_disorders/lipid_disorders/dyslipidemia.html.Enwetara na Julaị 6, 2014.
5. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.Chọpụta cholesterol ọbara dị elu.https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbc/.Enwetara na Julaị 6, 2014.
6. Mahadum nke Washington ọmụmụ sava weebụ.Cholesterol, lipoproteins na imeju.http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/cholesterol/liver.html.Enwetara na Julaị 10, 2014.
7. Mayo Clinic.Cholesterol dị elu.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/art-20048186.Enwetara June 10, 2014.
8. Ọrịa shuga.co.uk.Glucagon.www.diabetes.co.uk/body/glucagon.html.Enwetara na Julaị 15, 2014.
9. Ụlọ ọgwụ Mayo.Ọrịa shuga mellitus.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20033091.Enwetara June 20, 2014.
Oge nzipu: Jun-17-2022